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This paper reports on the development of a British database of 14 C dated Holocene fluvial units over the last 15 years. Since its inception in 1989, the database has undergone substantial expansion, refinement and improvement together with considerable methodological development, so that today it serves as a powerful research tool for investigating the spatial and temporal dynamics of Holocene...
From its origins as a geological study of flood erosion and sediments the science palaeoflood hydrology matured to become an indispensable means for understanding the hydrology of very large, rare floods. Such floods are increasingly posing risks to human habitation. More that 3 decades of research in palaeoflood hydrology produced spectacular advances in capabilities for (1) accurately determining...
In the extensive area of western Inner Mongolia, China, the water demand of local residents often depends mainly on shallow aquifers, although scientific investigations of the quality and formation of the groundwater are still lacking. In this study the chemistry and isotopic composition of groundwater and lake water samples collected at 22 sites in the area of Yabulai Mountains (Fig. 1) in western...
Proxy flood records from sediment stacks in floodplain palaeochannels provide an opportunity to extend short instrumental records and thus improve current estimates of flood risk. The ‘Bloody Inches’ (a meander cutoff on the lower River Tay, Scotland) has been infilling with flood deposits since c. 1761. Agricultural flood embankments locally breach with flows >850 m 3 s −1 (introducing...
This paper reviews recent changes in river management. These changes are characterised by a move from the notion of rivers as stable equilibrium forms to one of dynamic responsive ecosystems. Coupled to these changes are a series of scientific questions that provide the context for reviewing the role that palaeohydrology might have in supporting contemporary and future river management. Palaeohydrology...
The RheinLUCIF project investigates the effects of land use and climatic impacts on sediment fluxes in the river Rhine catchment. Among the world's large rivers the Rhine system has been particularly affected by land use changes for 7500 years, resulting in its transformation to an entirely man-controlled environment. Geomorphologically this transformation is performed by largely man-induced sediment...
Qualitative analysis of hillslope-channel coupling conditions suggests that the internal configuration of a catchment has a strong influence on the transfer of water and sediment through the fluvial system. Consequently, similar climatic inputs into catchments with otherwise similar characteristics can result in very divergent responses. A cellular modelling approach has been used to evaluate the...
The spatial and temporal dynamics of stream net density (SND) within the Central and Southern parts of the Russian Plain during the last two centuries are studied by comparison of historical cartographic sources. A significant decrease of SND is observed in the forest–steppe and steppe zones. The maximum SND decrease is detected at the northern edge of the steppe zone, where SND values in the middle...
A database of 335 radiocarbon dates from Holocene fluvial sediments in Poland has been compiled. Each sample is characterized by 25 parameters. All samples were grouped into one of 7 regions characterized by hydrological regime, and one of 8 depositional environments. Statistical analysis was used to enhance the palaeoenvironmental data and 17 phases may be distinguished, 10 of which have a distinct...
This paper offers an alternative to the use of geomorphological and sedimentological evidence for the reconstruction of flood and low flow frequencies. It is based on a technique developed to estimate the hydrological impact of future climate change and it uses either observed or calculated meteorological parameters. It is possible to use this method directly without modification to ‘hindcast’ events...
Thirteen paleomeanders on the oldest parts of meander belts on floodplains in the Coastal Plain of Georgia and the Carolinas (southeastern USA) were selected for radiocarbon dating to determine the onset of meandering following braiding during the Late Pleistocene during Oxygen Isotope Stage 2. The radiocarbon ages were compared to previously reported Late Pleistocene ages for braid bars and eolian...
A comprehensive database of radiocarbon dated fluvial units in Great Britain, Poland and Spain has been compiled to investigate the relationship between environmental change, flooding and Holocene river dynamics. Following the methodology recently developed by Macklin and Lewin [Macklin, M.G., Lewin, J., 2003. River sediments, great floods and centennial-scale Holocene climate change. Journal of Quaternary...
A database of published and unpublished radiocarbon dates from Late Holocene fluvial environments in Spain was critically analysed in order to obtain a fluvial chronology for this period. The principal types of depositional environment represented in the record were slackwater flood deposits (28 dates), alluvial overbank facies (12 dates) and alluvial channel facies (7 dates). The sedimentary context...
Morphological, geological, geochronological and palynological analyses show that the landscape, climate and hydrological history of the Seim River basin includes: 1) a period of sandy Terrace 1 formation by shallow flows, with the surface transformation by cryogenic and aeolian processes, close to the Last Glaciation Maximum; 2) a cold and dry period about 16–14K radiocarbon years B.P. with very high...
Despite general agreement that global climate change is taking place there is less consensus about the consequences and impacts that may arise. The possibility of greater climatic variability, with changes in the incidence of particular types of events, requires multidisciplinary research so that associated impacts can be considered when devising environmental management strategies. Past hydrological...
There is increased awareness of the environmental impacts of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses through wind erosion, especially in areas heavily affected by dust storm erosion. This paper reviews the recent literature concerning dust storm-related soil erosion and its impact on soil C and N losses in northern China. The purpose of our study is to provide an overview of the area of erosion-affected...
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